Introduction to ASTM B409 Standard:
ASTM B409 is a standard specification established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) that outlines the requirements for nickel-iron-chromium alloys (UNS N08120, UNS N08800, UNS N08810, UNS N08811, and UNS N08890) plate, sheet, and strip.
Included Grades and Chemical Composition:
ASTM B409 covers several grades of nickel-iron-chromium alloys, each with its unique chemical composition:
1. UNS N08120: This grade typically consists of nickel, iron, chromium, and manganese, with traces of carbon, silicon, sulfur, and copper.
2. UNS N08800 (Incoloy 800, 1.4876): Comprises nickel, iron, and chromium, with additions of aluminum and titanium.
3. UNS N08810 (Incoloy 800H, 1.4958, 1.4876): Similar to UNS N08800 but with higher carbon content for enhanced high-temperature properties.
4. UNS N08811 (Incoloy 800HT, 1.4959, 1.4876): Offers superior creep resistance compared to UNS N08800 and UNS N08810, achieved through controlled carbon, aluminum, and titanium levels.
5. UNS N08890 (Incoloy 890): Contains nickel, iron, chromium, and molybdenum, with additions of copper and titanium.
ASME SB 409 PLATE Chemical Composition
| Element | Composition Limits,% | Product (Check) Analysis Variations under min or over max,of the Specified Limit of Element Alloy N08120 |
Producl (Check) Analysis Var- iations,under min or over max,of the Specified limit of Ele ment Alloys N08800 N08810,and N08811 |
|
| Alloy N08120 |
Alloys N08800 N08810,and N08811 |
|||
| Nickel | 35.0 min | 30.0 min | 0.30 | 0.25 |
| 39.0 max | 35.0 max | 0.30 | 0.30 | |
| Chromium | 23.0 min | 19.0 min | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| 27.0 max | 23.0 max | 0.30 | 0.25 | |
| Iron | balanceA | 39.5 minA | 0.30 | 0.45 |
| Manganese,max | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.04 | 0.04† |
| Carbon | 0.02 min | B | 0.005 | 0.01† |
| 0.10 max | ... | 0.01 | ... | |
| Copper,max | 0.50 | 0.75 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| Silicon,ma | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Sulfur.max | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| AluminumC | 040 max | 0.15 min | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| ... | 0.60 max | ... | 0.10 | |
| TitaniumC | 0.20 max | 0.15 min | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| ... | 0.60 max | ... | 0.04 | |
| Columbium | 0.4 min | ... | 0.05 | ... |
| 0.9 max | ... | 0.05 | ... | |
| Molybdenum | 2.50 max | ... | 0.05 | ... |
| Phosphorus | 0.040 max | ... | 0.005 | ... |
| Tungster | 2.50 max | ... | 0.10 | ... |
| Cobalt.max | 3.0 | ... | 0.05 | ... |
| Nitrogen | 0.15 min | ... | 0.01 | ... |
| 0.30 max | ... | 0.03 | ... | |
| Boron | 0.010 max | ... | 0.002 | ... |
AIron shall be determined arithmetically by difference.
BAlloy UNS N08800: 0.10 max.
Alloy UNS N08810: 0.05–0.10.
Alloy UNS N08811: 0.06–0.10.
CAlloy UNS N08811: Al + Ti, 0.85–1.20.
† Editorially corrected.
Mechanical Properties:
The mechanical properties of ASTM B409 alloys vary depending on factors such as grade, thickness, and heat treatment. Common mechanical properties include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness.
| Alloy | Condition | Tensile Strength,min,psi (MPa) |
Yield StrengthA(0.2 % offset),min,psi (MPa) |
Elongation in 2 in.or 50 mm(or 4D),min, % |
| Hot-Rolled Plate | ||||
| UNS N08120 | Annealed | 90000 (621) | 40000(276) | 30 |
| UNS N08800 | Annealed | 75000 (520) | 30000 (205) | 30 |
| UNS N08800 | As-rolledB,C | 80000(550) | 35000(240 | 25 |
| UNS N08810 | Annealed | 65000(450) | 25000(170) | 30 |
| UNS N08811 | Annealed | 65000(450) | 25000 (170) | 30 |
| Hot-Rolled Sheet | ||||
| UNS NO8120 | Annealed | 90000 (621) | 40000 (276) | 30 |
| UNS N08800 | Annealed | 75000 (520) | 30000 (205) | 30 |
| UNS N08810D | Annealed | 65000(450) | 25000 (170) | 30 |
| UNS N08811D | Annealed | 65000 (450) | 25000(170 | 30 |
| Cold-Rolled Sheet | ||||
| UNS N08120 | Annealed | 90000 (621) | 40000 (276) | 30 |
| UNS NO8800 | Annealed | 75000(520) | 30000 (205) | 30 |
| UNS N08810D | Annealed | 65000(450) | 25000 (170) | 30 |
| UNS N08811D | Annealed | 65000(450) | 25000(170 | 30 |
| Cold-Rolled Strip | ||||
| UNS N08120 | Annealed | 90000 (621) | 40000 (276) | 30 |
| UNS N08800 | Annealed | 75000 (520) | 30000 (205) | 30E |
| UNS N08810D | Annealed | 65000(450 | 25000(170 | 30 |
| UNS N08811D | Annealed | 65000 (450) | 25000 (170) | 30 |
AYield strength requirements do not apply to material under 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) in thickness.
BAs-rolled plate may be given a stress-relieving heat treatment subsequent to final rolling.
CAs-rolled plate specified "suitable for hot forming" shall be furnished from heats of known good hot-malleability characteristics (see X1.1.1.2). The purchaser must
specify Alloy UNS N08800 or UNS N08810. There are no applicable tensile or hardness requirements for such material.
DAvailable only in thicknesses 0.115 in. (2.92 mm) and over.
ENot applicable for thickness under 0.010 in. (0.25 mm).
Materials and Manufacture Heat Treatment
The final heat treatment of UNS N08120 shall be 2150°F (1177°C) minimum, UNS N08810, 2050°F (1121°C) minimum, and UNS N08811, 2100°F (1149°C) minimum
Size Range and Tolerances for Plates, Sheets, and Strips:
- Plates: Thickness typically ranges from 0.1875 inches to 4.000 inches, width up to 48 inches, and length up to 144 inches.
- Sheets: Thickness ranges from 0.020 inches to 0.187 inches, width up to 48 inches, and length up to 120 inches.
- Strips: Thickness typically ranges from 0.002 inches to 0.187 inches, with varying width and coil weights.
Tolerances for dimensions such as thickness, width, and length are specified within the standard to ensure product consistency and quality.
Quality Inspection and Testing:
Quality inspection and testing are essential to ensuring compliance with ASTM B409 standards. Common inspection and testing methods include:
- Chemical Composition Analysis: Conducted using techniques like optical emission spectroscopy (OES) or inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis to verify alloy composition.
- Mechanical Testing: Involves tensile testing, hardness testing, and impact testing to assess mechanical properties and ensure material integrity.
- Dimensional Inspection: Utilizes precision instruments such as calipers, micrometers, and gauges to verify dimensions and tolerances.
- Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): Includes methods like ultrasonic testing (UT) and eddy current testing (ECT) to detect surface and subsurface defects without damaging the material.
ASTM B409 Plate Sheet Strip Applications:
ASTM B409 nickel-iron-chromium alloys find applications in various industries, including:
- Chemical processing
- Petrochemicals
- Power generation
- Aerospace
- Marine engineering
- Heat treating equipment
Referenced Documents
B 408 Specification for Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloy Rod and Bar
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E 112 Test Methods for Determining the Average Grain Size
E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals
E 1473 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys6
F 155 Test Method for Temper of Strip and Sheet Metals for Electronic Devices (Spring-Back Method)
Conclusion:
ASTM B409 standardizes the requirements for nickel-iron-chromium alloys in plate, sheet, and strip forms, ensuring their suitability for a wide range of industrial applications. Compliance with this standard guarantees the quality, reliability, and performance of these materials in demanding environments.
